What is the correct procedure for diluting concentrated sulfuric acid?

The correct procedure for diluting concentrated sulfuric acid is to slowly add acid to water inside a lab fume hood. This method is vital because sulfuric acid is highly exothermic when mixed with water. Adding the acid to water allows for better control of the heat generated during the dilution process, reducing the risk of splattering or a violent reaction. Doing this under a fume hood also provides ventilation, protecting the user from harmful fumes that may be released during the process.

Mixing equal parts of acid and water is ineffective in controlling the exothermic reaction and can lead to dangerous situations. Adding water to acid rapidly can cause the mixture to rapidly heat up and potentially boil, resulting in explosions or splashes of corrosive acid. Submerging the acid container in cold water does not address the safe handling of the acid and can still lead to accidents if not managed correctly.

Overall, the focus is on maintaining safety and preventing hazardous situations while handling concentrated sulfuric acid.