What is the phenomenon called when there is an increasing deposition of particulate matter on a membrane surface?

The phenomenon characterized by the increasing deposition of particulate matter on a membrane surface is known as membrane fouling. Membrane fouling occurs when various substances such as colloids, organic matter, and microorganisms accumulate on the membrane, leading to a decrease in its efficiency. It is a critical issue in water treatment processes, as fouling can significantly affect the flux of water through the membrane, ultimately compromising the effectiveness of the filtration system.

Concentration polarization is a related but distinct concept where a buildup of solute concentration occurs near the membrane surface as a result of filtration. This can lead to an osmotic pressure gradient but does not specifically refer to the physical accumulation of particles on the membrane itself. While it plays a role in fouling mechanisms, it does not define the phenomenon of particulate matter deposition.

Understanding the difference between fouling and concentration polarization is important for effective membrane system management and ensuring optimal water treatment performance.